基础英语词汇¶
等级 L1-L2 · 每天 15 分钟 · 场景:背词→职场高频动词,猜生词→词根与词缀,站会→职场高频动词,写邮件→描述与评价
学习地图¶
| 你的处境 | 先看哪章 | 配套 |
|---|---|---|
| 站会/邮件里动词想不起来 | 职场高频动词 | 职场沟通 |
| 能说动词但描述不出状态 | 描述与评价 | 技术写作 |
| 句子连不成段、逻辑跳跃 | 逻辑与衔接 | 技术写作 |
| 和同事寒暄接不上话 | 日常生活 | 日常交流 |
| 读文档遇到生词想猜意思 | 词根与词缀 | 技术阅读 |
| 术语不会说(heap/分片/幂等) | 本篇不管 → | 技术英语词汇 |
这份表只收「后端工程师在职场里真会用到」的通用词,不是四六级词表。 英语学习方案 的 L1 建议是「先背技术高频词,不背通用词表」—— 因为市面通用词表塞满了 government / president / bedroom 这类你三年用不上一次的词。 这里做的是反过来的事:从通用高频词里筛掉用不上的,只留下能拼出工作句子的骨架。
怎么用这份词表¶
- 第一遍筛词:快速过一遍,认识的划掉。剩下的才是你要背的。
- 第二遍读例句:例句全部取自职场/技术语境,读出声,连词带句一起记。
- 第三遍用起来:挑 10 个词写进今天的站会发言或 PR 描述里。
- 持续:反复忘的词丢进 Anki,别重复刷已经会的。
格式:词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句。全表每个词只出现一次,按使用场景归章——
在动词章找不到的词,去名词章或描述章找,不会两处都有。
职场高频动词¶
核心动作¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| be (am/is/are) | 是、在 | How are you? — I'm good. |
| have (had) | 有 | Do you have a minute? |
| do (did/done) | 做 | What do you do? |
| go (went/gone) | 去、进展 | How did it go? — It went well! |
| get (got/gotten) | 得到、变得 | I'll get back to you. |
| make (made) | 制造、使得 | Does that make sense? |
| take (took/taken) | 拿、花费 | Take a look at this. |
| give (gave/given) | 给 | Could you give me some feedback? |
| come (came) | 来 | Come up with anything? |
| know (knew/known) | 知道 | Let me know if you need help. |
| think (thought) | 想、认为 | What do you think? |
| say (said) | 说 | What did he say? |
| tell (told) | 告诉 | Tell me about it. |
| see (saw/seen) | 看、明白 | I see what you mean. |
| look | 看、看起来 | Looking forward to it! |
| want | 想要 | Want to grab lunch? |
| need | 需要 | Do you need help? — I'm good, thanks. |
| try (tried) | 尝试 | Let me try. — Go for it! |
| find (found) | 找到、发现 | Find out the root cause. |
| put | 放 | Put simply, it's a cache issue. |
| keep (kept) | 保持 | Keep up the good work! |
| let | 让 | Let me know when you're free. |
| feel (felt) | 感觉 | Feel free to ask. |
| seem | 似乎 | It seems fine to me. |
| help | 帮助 | Can I help with anything? |
| work | 工作、运转 | Great work on the migration! |
| start | 开始 | Let's start with the basics. |
| stop | 停止 | Stop by my desk later. |
| run (ran) | 跑、运行 | Run the tests — all green! |
| move | 移动 | Let's move on to the next topic. |
| bring (brought) | 带来 | Thanks for bringing that up. |
| mean (meant) | 意思是 | What do you mean? |
| become (became) | 变成 | It became a bigger issue. |
| leave (left) | 离开 | I'm leaving early today. |
| turn | 转动、变成 | Turn it on/off. |
| begin (began/begun) | 开始 | Let's begin. |
| show (showed/shown) | 展示 | Show me your approach. |
| hear (heard) | 听见 | Did you hear about it? |
| hold (held) | 拿住、举行 | Hold on a sec. |
| write (wrote/written) | 写 | Write it down. |
| provide | 提供 | They provide free coffee. |
| lose (lost) | 失去、输 | Don't lose hope. |
| pay (paid) | 支付 | Pay attention. |
| meet (met) | 遇见 | Nice to meet you. |
| include | 包含 | Does it include tests? |
| continue | 继续 | Please continue. |
| set | 设置 | Set it up. |
| learn | 学习 | I learned a lot. |
| change | 改变 | Change the config. |
| lead (led) | 带领 | She leads the team. |
| understand (understood) | 理解 | I don't understand. |
| follow | 跟随 | Follow up tomorrow. |
| create | 创建 | Create a new file. |
| speak (spoke/spoken) | 说话 | Can I speak to you? |
| read | 读 | Did you read the doc? |
| allow | 允许 | Does it allow rollback? |
| add | 添加 | Add a test case. |
| spend (spent) | 花费 | I spent two hours on it. |
| open | 打开 | Open the file. |
| offer | 提供 | They offered me the job. |
| remember | 记得 | Remember to push. |
| consider | 考虑 | Consider this option. |
| wait | 等待 | Wait a moment. |
| send (sent) | 发送 | Send me the report. |
| expect | 期待 | As expected. |
| build (built) | 构建 | Build the project. |
| stay | 停留 | Stay focused. |
| cut | 切、削减 | Cut the time in half. |
| reach | 到达 | Reach out to him. |
| remain | 保持、剩余 | It remains a problem. |
| suggest | 建议 | I suggest we wait. |
| pass | 通过 | The tests passed. |
| require | 需要 | It requires Java 17. |
| report | 报告 | Report the bug. |
| decide | 决定 | Let's decide tomorrow. |
| explain | 解释 | Can you explain this? |
| hope | 希望 | I hope so. |
| develop | 开发 | Develop a feature. |
| carry | 携带 | Carry on. |
| break (broke/broken) | 打破 | Break it down. |
| receive | 收到 | I received your email. |
| agree | 同意 | I agree with you. |
| support | 支持 | It supports Redis 7. |
| produce | 生产 | It produces errors. |
| cover | 覆盖 | It covers edge cases. |
| catch (caught) | 抓住、捕获 | Catch the exception. |
| choose (chose/chosen) | 选择 | Choose wisely. |
工程与交付¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| check | 检查 | Double-check this. |
| fix | 修复 | Fix a bug. |
| test | 测试 | Run the tests. |
| deploy | 部署 | Deploy to production. |
| review | 审查 | Code review. |
| update | 更新 | Status update. |
| improve | 改进 | Improve performance. |
| handle | 处理 | Can you handle this? |
| avoid | 避免 | Avoid this mistake. |
| depend | 依赖 | It depends. |
| notice | 注意到 | Did you notice the spike? |
| plan | 计划 | Plan ahead. |
| organize | 组织 | Organize a meeting. |
| manage | 管理 | Manage the team. |
| complete | 完成 | Complete the task. |
| finish | 结束 | I'll finish it. |
| deliver | 交付 | Deliver on time. |
| ship | 发布 | Ship it. |
| launch | 发布 | Launch the feature. |
| release | 发布 | Release v2.0. |
| rollback | 回滚 | Roll back the deploy. |
| revert | 还原 | Revert the change. |
| merge | 合并 | Merge the PR. |
| commit | 提交 | Commit the code. |
| push | 推送 | Push to main. |
| debug | 调试 | Debug the issue. |
| investigate | 调查 | Investigate the bug. |
| analyze | 分析 | Analyze the logs. |
| optimize | 优化 | Optimize the query. |
| refactor | 重构 | Refactor the module. |
| migrate | 迁移 | Migrate to v2. |
| upgrade | 升级 | Upgrade the version. |
| install | 安装 | Install the package. |
| configure | 配置 | Configure the server. |
| enable | 启用 | Enable the flag. |
| disable | 禁用 | Disable the feature. |
| monitor | 监控 | Monitor the system. |
| track | 追踪 | Track the progress. |
| measure | 衡量 | Measure the impact. |
| execute | 执行 | Execute the command. |
| trigger | 触发 | Trigger the build. |
| schedule | 安排 | Schedule a meeting. |
| cancel | 取消 | Cancel the deploy. |
| postpone | 推迟 | Postpone to tomorrow. |
| delay | 延迟 | Delay the launch. |
| block | 阻塞 | Blocked by X. |
| unblock | 解除阻塞 | Unblock the pipeline. |
| pause | 暂停 | Pause the deploy. |
| resume | 恢复 | Resume the process. |
| restart | 重启 | Restart the server. |
| reset | 重置 | Reset the config. |
| recover | 恢复 | Recover the data. |
| backup | 备份 | Backup the database. |
| restore | 还原 | Restore from backup. |
| sync | 同步 | Sync the changes. |
| implement | 实现 | Implement a feature. |
| ensure | 确保 | Ensure quality. |
| maintain | 维护 | Maintain the system. |
| resolve | 解决 | Resolve the issue. |
| replace | 替换 | Replace the old. |
| remove | 移除 | Remove the file. |
| reduce | 减少 | Reduce costs. |
| troubleshoot | 排障 | Troubleshoot the issue. |
| prevent | 阻止 | Prevent the bug. |
协作与沟通¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| share | 分享 | Share your screen. |
| notify | 通知 | Notify the team. |
| remind | 提醒 | Remind me at 3. |
| confirm | 确认 | Can you confirm? |
| verify | 验证 | Verify the fix. |
| validate | 校验 | Validate the input. |
| approve | 批准 | Approve the PR. |
| reject | 拒绝 | Reject the request. |
| request | 请求 | Request access. |
| apply | 应用 | Apply the patch. |
| align | 对齐 | Let's align on this. |
| coordinate | 协调 | Coordinate with X. |
| collaborate | 协作 | Collaborate on the doc. |
| communicate | 沟通 | Communicate clearly. |
| discuss | 讨论 | Discuss the design. |
| negotiate | 谈判 | Negotiate the terms. |
| convince | 说服 | I'm convinced. |
| encourage | 鼓励 | Encourage the team. |
| apologize | 道歉 | I apologize. |
| admit | 承认 | Admit a mistake. |
| promise | 承诺 | I promise. |
| respond | 回应 | Respond quickly. |
| submit | 提交 | Submit the form. |
| summarize | 总结 | Summarize the points. |
| achieve | 实现 | Achieve a goal. |
| assign | 分配 | Assign a task. |
| assume | 假设 | I assume so. |
| estimate | 估计 | Estimate the effort. |
| evaluate | 评估 | Evaluate the result. |
| mention | 提到 | Don't mention it. |
职场高频名词¶
工作与项目¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| job | 工作 | Nice job! |
| task | 任务 | Pick up a task. |
| project | 项目 | Project plan. |
| team | 团队 | My team. |
| meeting | 会议 | In a meeting. |
| 邮件 | Send an email. | |
| message | 消息 | Leave a message. |
| call | 电话 | Hop on a call. |
| chat | 聊天 | Quick chat? |
| ticket | 工单 | File a ticket. |
| goal | 目标 | Hit the goal. |
| deadline | 截止 | Meet the deadline. |
| progress | 进展 | Make progress. |
| status | 状态 | Status update. |
| outcome | 结果 | Business outcome. |
| impact | 影响 | Big impact. |
| benefit | 好处 | Main benefit. |
| cost | 成本 | Cost saving. |
| budget | 预算 | Over budget. |
| resource | 资源 | Allocate resources. |
| risk | 风险 | Mitigate the risk. |
| agenda | 议程 | On the agenda. |
| feedback | 反馈 | Give feedback. |
| session | 会话 | Brainstorming session. |
| demo | 演示 | Do a demo. |
| document | 文档 | Read the docs. |
| record | 记录 | Keep a record. |
| log | 日志 | Check the logs. |
| note | 笔记 | Take notes. |
| summary | 摘要 | In summary. |
| detail | 细节 | In detail. |
问题与方案¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| time | 时间 | Take your time. |
| way | 方式、路 | Is there a better way? |
| thing | 事、东西 | First things first. |
| case | 情况、案例 | In that case. |
| point | 点、观点 | Good point. |
| issue | 问题 | File an issue. |
| problem | 问题 | Solve the problem. |
| question | 问题 | Good question. |
| result | 结果 | As a result. |
| bug | 缺陷 | File a bug. |
| error | 错误 | Error message. |
| failure | 失败 | Point of failure. |
| success | 成功 | Success story. |
| challenge | 挑战 | Big challenge. |
| opportunity | 机会 | Growth opportunity. |
| solution | 解决方案 | Find a solution. |
| approach | 方法 | Different approach. |
| method | 方法 | Try this method. |
| strategy | 策略 | Go-to-market strategy. |
| step | 步骤 | Step by step. |
| process | 流程 | Follow the process. |
| rule | 规则 | Break the rule. |
| policy | 策略 | Company policy. |
| standard | 标准 | Industry standard. |
| requirement | 需求 | Meet the requirement. |
| reason | 原因 | For this reason. |
| cause | 原因 | Root cause. |
| effect | 影响 | Side effect. |
| consequence | 后果 | The consequences. |
| evidence | 证据 | No evidence. |
| trouble | 麻烦 | In trouble. |
| difficulty | 困难 | Have difficulty. |
| obstacle | 障碍 | Overcome obstacles. |
技术对象¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| feature | 功能 | New feature. |
| function | 功能 | Core function. |
| module | 模块 | Payment module. |
| component | 组件 | UI component. |
| element | 元素 | Key element. |
| item | 项 | Action item. |
| data | 数据 | Raw data. |
| information | 信息 | More info. |
| option | 选项 | Choose an option. |
| choice | 选择 | Good choice. |
| example | 例子 | For example. |
| pattern | 模式 | Design pattern. |
| model | 模型 | Data model. |
| structure | 结构 | File structure. |
| framework | 框架 | Use a framework. |
| platform | 平台 | Cloud platform. |
| tool | 工具 | Right tool. |
| server | 服务器 | App server. |
| network | 网络 | Network issue. |
| connection | 连接 | Lost connection. |
| response | 响应 | API response. |
| parameter | 参数 | Input parameter. |
| value | 值 | Default value. |
| state | 状态 | App state. |
| flag | 标志位 | Feature flag. |
| setting | 设置 | Default setting. |
| config | 配置 | Config file. |
| property | 属性 | Object property. |
| field | 字段 | Required field. |
| list | 列表 | Mailing list. |
| section | 节 | Next section. |
| batch | 批 | In batches. |
| version | 版本 | Latest version. |
| difference | 差异 | Spot the difference. |
| space | 空间 | We're running out of disk space. |
| line | 线、行 | Bottom line: we need one more week. |
| end | 结束 | At the end of the day. |
| part | 部分 | Part of the problem. |
人与组织¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| role | 角色 | My role is. |
| position | 职位 | Open position. |
| level | 级别 | Senior level. |
| group | 组 | Working group. |
| department | 部门 | IT department. |
| organization | 组织 | The org. |
| company | 公司 | Which company? |
| client | 客户 | Client side. |
| customer | 顾客 | Customer first. |
| user | 用户 | End user. |
| partner | 合作伙伴 | Partner with X. |
| vendor | 供应商 | Cloud vendor. |
| manager | 经理 | My manager. |
| leader | 领导 | Team leader. |
| colleague | 同事 | A colleague of mine. |
| employee | 员工 | Employee ID. |
| engineer | 工程师 | Backend engineer. |
| developer | 开发者 | Frontend dev. |
| candidate | 候选人 | Interview candidate. |
| interview | 面试 | Job interview. |
| salary | 薪资 | Base salary. |
| member | 成员 | Team member. |
| kind | 种类 | What kind of error is it? |
| head | 头、负责人 | She's the head of the platform team. |
| service | 服务 | Microservice. |
| power | 力量、电源 | Power off the server. |
| hour | 小时 | In an hour. |
| minute | 分钟 | Give me a minute. |
| idea | 想法 | Good idea! |
| name | 名字 | What's the name? |
| place | 地方 | Take place. |
| week | 周 | Last week. |
| month | 月 | Last month. |
| year | 年 | Last year. |
| day | 天 | Have a good day! |
抽象概念¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| opinion | 观点 | In my opinion. |
| view | 观点 | Point of view. |
| perspective | 视角 | From my perspective. |
| concept | 概念 | Core concept. |
| principle | 原则 | Basic principle. |
| technique | 技术 | New technique. |
| answer | 答案 | The answer is. |
| gain | 收益 | Net gain. |
| loss | 损失 | Data loss. |
| price | 价格 | Price tag. |
| safety | 安全 | For safety. |
| security | 安全 | Security patch. |
| target | 目标 | Hit the target. |
| purpose | 目的 | On purpose. |
| duty | 职责 | Call of duty. |
| quality | 质量 | High quality. |
| scope | 范围 | Out of scope. |
| base | 基础 | On the basis of. |
| source | 来源 | Source code. |
| origin | 起源 | Country of origin. |
| conclusion | 结论 | In conclusion. |
| experience | 经验 | Work experience. |
| skill | 技能 | Soft skill. |
| knowledge | 知识 | Domain knowledge. |
| career | 职业生涯 | Career path. |
| pressure | 压力 | Under pressure. |
| stress | 压力 | Relieve stress. |
| workload | 工作量 | Heavy workload. |
| overtime | 加班 | Work overtime. |
| scale | 规模 | At scale. |
| growth | 增长 | Business growth. |
| trend | 趋势 | Upward trend. |
| situation | 情况 | Tricky situation. |
| condition | 条件 | Working condition. |
| number | 数字 | A number of issues. |
| amount | 数量 | A large amount. |
| rate | 比率 | Error rate. |
| limit | 限制 | Rate limit. |
| range | 范围 | In range. |
| percentage | 百分比 | High percentage. |
描述与评价¶
通用形容词¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| good | 好 | Looks good! |
| new | 新 | New feature. |
| first | 第一 | First of all. |
| last | 最后 | Last but not least. |
| long | 长 | Long time no see. |
| great | 很好 | Great job! |
| little | 小、少 | A little bit. |
| own | 自己的 | On my own. |
| other | 其他 | The other way. |
| old | 旧、老 | Old version. |
| big | 大 | Big picture. |
| high | 高 | High availability. |
| different | 不同 | Different from. |
| small | 小 | Small change. |
| large | 大 | At large. |
| next | 下一个 | Next week. |
| early | 早 | Early bird. |
| young | 年轻 | Young team. |
| important | 重要 | Most important. |
| few | 少 | A few issues. |
| public | 公开 | Public API. |
| bad | 坏 | Bad news. |
| same | 相同 | The same issue. |
| able | 能够 | Be able to. |
| clear | 清楚 | Crystal clear. |
| sure | 确定的 | Make sure. |
| ready | 准备好 | Ready to go. |
| possible | 可能 | If possible. |
| available | 可用的 | Are you available? |
| busy | 忙 | Busy week? |
| similar | 相似 | Similar to. |
| common | 常见 | Common issue. |
| simple | 简单 | Keep it simple. |
| useful | 有用 | Very useful. |
| interesting | 有趣 | Sounds interesting. |
| sorry | 抱歉 | Sorry I'm late. |
| late | 迟 | Running late. |
| free | 空闲、免费 | Feel free. |
| quick | 快 | Quick question. |
| slow | 慢 | A bit slow. |
| serious | 严重 | Serious issue. |
| fair | 公平 | Fair enough. |
| worth | 值得 | Worth it. |
| nice | 好、不错 | Nice catch. |
| fine | 好 | I'm fine. |
| perfect | 完美 | Perfect timing. |
| excellent | 优秀 | Excellent work. |
| amazing | 惊人 | That's amazing. |
| terrible | 糟糕 | Terrible idea. |
| poor | 差 | Poor quality. |
判断与准确性¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| wrong | 错 | What's wrong? |
| correct | 正确 | Correct answer. |
| accurate | 准确 | Accurate data. |
| exact | 确切 | Exact match. |
| true | 真 | True story. |
| false | 假 | False alarm. |
| real | 真实 | Real-time. |
| valid | 有效 | Valid input. |
| invalid | 无效 | Invalid token. |
| proper | 恰当 | Proper way. |
| appropriate | 合适 | Appropriate time. |
| suitable | 合适 | Suitable for. |
| relevant | 相关 | Relevant info. |
| critical | 关键 | Critical bug. |
| crucial | 关键 | Crucial step. |
| essential | 必要 | Essential feature. |
| necessary | 必要 | If necessary. |
| main | 主要 | Main reason. |
| major | 主要 | Major change. |
| minor | 次要 | Minor issue. |
| primary | 首要 | Primary key. |
| secondary | 次要 | Secondary goal. |
| key | 关键 | Key takeaway. |
| core | 核心 | Core module. |
| basic | 基础 | Basic concept. |
| advanced | 高级 | Advanced topic. |
| complex | 复杂 | Complex system. |
| complicated | 复杂 | Too complicated. |
| easy | 容易 | Easy fix. |
| hard | 困难 | Hard to say. |
| difficult | 困难 | Difficult problem. |
| tricky | 棘手 | Tricky bug. |
| challenging | 有挑战 | Challenging task. |
| obvious | 明显 | Obvious bug. |
| vague | 模糊 | Vague requirement. |
| specific | 具体 | Be specific. |
| general | 一般 | In general. |
| rare | 罕见 | Rare case. |
| usual | 通常 | As usual. |
| normal | 正常 | Back to normal. |
| special | 特殊 | Special case. |
| extra | 额外 | Extra time. |
| additional | 额外 | Additional info. |
| certain | 某个、确定 | A certain point. |
| uncertain | 不确定 | Uncertain about. |
状态与属性¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| confident | 自信 | Feel confident. |
| positive | 正面、肯定 | Positive feedback. |
| negative | 负面 | Negative impact. |
| stable | 稳定 | Stable build. |
| unstable | 不稳定 | Unstable network. |
| strong | 强 | Strong password. |
| weak | 弱 | Weak signal. |
| huge | 巨大 | Huge impact. |
| tiny | 极小 | Tiny change. |
| wide | 宽 | Wide range. |
| deep | 深 | Deep dive. |
| low | 低 | Low latency. |
| fast | 快 | Fast response. |
| full | 满 | Full disk. |
| empty | 空 | Empty result. |
| private | 私有 | Private key. |
| internal | 内部 | Internal tool. |
| external | 外部 | External API. |
| local | 本地 | Local env. |
| remote | 远程 | Remote server. |
| global | 全局 | Global config. |
| manual | 手动 | Manual test. |
| automatic | 自动 | Auto-deploy. |
| stale | 过时 | Stale cache. |
| current | 当前 | Current version. |
| future | 未来 | Future work. |
| previous | 之前的 | Previous build. |
| final | 最终 | Final result. |
| initial | 初始 | Initial value. |
| original | 原始 | Original file. |
| partial | 部分 | Partial success. |
| entire | 整个 | Entire system. |
| whole | 整个 | Whole team. |
| broken | 坏的 | Broken build. |
| pending | 待处理 | Pending review. |
| done | 完成 | Done! |
| online | 在线 | Online docs. |
| offline | 离线 | Offline mode. |
| unavailable | 不可用 | Service unavailable. |
| visible | 可见 | Not visible. |
| hidden | 隐藏 | Hidden file. |
| known | 已知 | Known issue. |
| unfamiliar | 不熟 | Unfamiliar with. |
| secure | 安全 | Secure connection. |
| vulnerable | 脆弱 | Vulnerable to. |
| reliable | 可靠 | Reliable service. |
| responsible | 负责 | Be responsible. |
| efficient | 高效 | Efficient code. |
| effective | 有效 | Effective solution. |
| productive | 高产 | Productive day. |
| flexible | 灵活 | Be flexible. |
| mature | 成熟 | Mature product. |
情绪与感受¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| comfortable | 舒适 | Comfortable with. |
| satisfied | 满意 | Satisfied with. |
| proud | 骄傲 | Proud of you. |
| grateful | 感激 | Grateful for. |
| excited | 兴奋 | Excited about. |
| worried | 担心 | Worried about. |
| nervous | 紧张 | Feel nervous. |
| confused | 困惑 | I'm confused. |
| surprised | 惊讶 | Surprised by. |
| disappointed | 失望 | Disappointed with. |
| frustrated | 沮丧 | Get frustrated. |
| annoyed | 烦恼 | Annoyed by. |
| tired | 累 | I'm tired. |
| curious | 好奇 | Just curious. |
程度与频率副词¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| very | 非常 | Very helpful. |
| really | 真的 | Really? |
| just | 只是、刚刚 | Just a moment. |
| still | 仍然 | Still working on it. |
| already | 已经 | Already fixed. |
| always | 总是 | I always forget. |
| never | 从不 | Never seen this. |
| often | 经常 | How often? |
| usually | 通常 | I usually get in at 9. |
| sometimes | 有时 | Sometimes it works. |
| rarely | 很少 | I rarely touch it. |
| frequently | 频繁 | Frequently asked. |
| now | 现在 | Right now. |
| soon | 很快 | See you soon. |
| later | 稍后 | Talk later. |
| recently | 最近 | Recently added. |
| currently | 当前 | Currently working on. |
| eventually | 最终 | It'll work eventually. |
| finally | 终于 | Finally done. |
| immediately | 立即 | I need this immediately. |
| suddenly | 突然 | Suddenly stopped. |
| gradually | 逐渐 | Gradually improve. |
| quickly | 快速 | Quickly fix it. |
| easily | 容易 | Easily fixed. |
| hardly | 几乎不 | I can hardly. |
| almost | 几乎 | Almost done. |
| nearly | 几乎 | Nearly there. |
| completely | 完全 | Completely broken. |
| fully | 完全 | Fully tested. |
| absolutely | 绝对 | Absolutely! |
| definitely | 肯定 | Definitely a bug. |
| certainly | 当然 | Certainly. |
| probably | 大概 | Probably a typo. |
| possibly | 可能 | Possibly later. |
| maybe | 也许 | Maybe later. |
| actually | 其实 | Actually, it's fine. |
| basically | 基本上 | Basically done. |
| especially | 尤其 | Especially the API. |
| particularly | 特别 | Not particularly. |
| mainly | 主要 | Mainly because. |
| mostly | 大多 | Mostly fine. |
| enough | 足够 | Good enough. |
| too | 也、太 | Too much. |
| also | 也 | I also noticed. |
| instead | 而是 | Instead of X. |
| otherwise | 否则 | Otherwise, it fails. |
逻辑与衔接¶
连词与逻辑关系¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| and | 和 | A and B. |
| but | 但是 | I tried, but it failed. |
| or | 或者 | A or B. |
| if | 如果 | If needed. |
| though | 虽然 | Even though. |
| because | 因为 | Because of. |
| when | 当 | When ready. |
| while | 当…时、而 | While you were away. |
| so | 所以 | So what? |
| since | 自从、既然 | Since then. |
| until | 直到 | Until Friday. |
| however | 然而 | However, there's a risk. |
| therefore | 因此 | Therefore, we should. |
| thus | 因此 | Thus, it fails. |
| hence | 因此 | Hence the error. |
| consequently | 因此 | Consequently. |
| meanwhile | 同时 | Meanwhile, I'll. |
| anyway | 反正 | Anyway, let's try. |
| besides | 此外 | Besides, it's late. |
| moreover | 此外 | Moreover, it's cheaper. |
| furthermore | 此外 | Furthermore. |
介词¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| of | …的 | A lot of. |
| in | 在…里 | In a meeting. |
| to | 到 | Go to work. |
| for | 为了 | For example. |
| on | 在…上 | On time. |
| with | 和 | Deal with. |
| at | 在 | At work. |
| by | 通过、由 | By Friday. |
| from | 从 | From scratch. |
| up | 向上 | Set up. |
| about | 关于 | What about? |
| into | 进入 | Look into. |
| over | 超过、结束 | Go over. |
| after | 之后 | After lunch. |
| before | 之前 | Before you go. |
指代与疑问¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| this | 这个 | This one. |
| that | 那个 | That's it. |
| what | 什么 | What's up? |
| which | 哪个 | Which one? |
| who | 谁 | Who's on call? |
| how | 如何 | How so? |
| why | 为什么 | Why not? |
数量与范围¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| all | 全部 | All good. |
| not | 不 | Not yet. |
| both | 两者 | Both work. |
| each | 每个 | Each item. |
| every | 每个 | Every day. |
| some | 一些 | Some issues. |
| any | 任何 | Any questions? |
| several | 几个 | Several options. |
| most | 最多 | Most of them. |
| less | 更少 | Less is more. |
| least | 最少 | At least. |
| none | 没有 | None left. |
| more | 更多 | Need more time. |
| much | 多(不可数) | Too much. |
| many | 多(可数) | Many issues. |
| half | 半 | Half done. |
| double | 双倍 | Double check. |
| percent | 百分比 | 50 percent. |
| average | 平均 | On average. |
| maximum | 最大 | Max value. |
| minimum | 最小 | Min value. |
日常生活(精简)¶
寒暄与时间¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| hello | 你好 | Hello there. |
| hi | 嗨 | Hi, how are you? |
| hey | 嘿 | Hey, what's up? |
| goodbye | 再见 | Goodbye for now. |
| bye | 再见 | Bye! |
| thanks | 谢谢 | Thanks a lot. |
| ok | 好的 | OK, got it. |
| morning | 早上 | Good morning. |
| afternoon | 下午 | This afternoon. |
| evening | 傍晚 | This evening. |
| weekend | 周末 | This weekend. |
| today | 今天 | Today's meeting. |
| tomorrow | 明天 | See you tomorrow. |
| yesterday | 昨天 | Yesterday's build. |
| moment | 片刻 | Just a moment. |
| daily | 每日 | Daily standup. |
| weekly | 每周 | Weekly report. |
| monthly | 每月 | Monthly review. |
| holiday | 假日 | Public holiday. |
| vacation | 假期 | Take a vacation. |
饮食与出行¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| lunch | 午餐 | Grab lunch. |
| dinner | 晚餐 | Dinner plans? |
| breakfast | 早餐 | Have breakfast. |
| coffee | 咖啡 | Cup of coffee. |
| tea | 茶 | Green tea. |
| food | 食物 | Good food. |
| meal | 一餐 | Have a meal. |
| restaurant | 餐厅 | Try a new restaurant. |
| menu | 菜单 | See the menu. |
| order | 点餐 | Place an order. |
| bill | 账单 | Foot the bill. |
| drink | 饮料 | Have a drink. |
| delicious | 美味 | Delicious! |
| hungry | 饿 | I'm hungry. |
| travel | 旅行 | Travel abroad. |
| trip | 旅行 | Business trip. |
| flight | 航班 | Catch a flight. |
| train | 火车 | Take the train. |
| bus | 公交 | Catch the bus. |
| taxi | 出租车 | Call a taxi. |
| drive | 开车 | Drive to work. |
| hotel | 酒店 | Book a hotel. |
| passport | 护照 | Show your passport. |
| luggage | 行李 | Pack luggage. |
| traffic | 交通 | Heavy traffic. |
天气与健康¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| weather | 天气 | Nice weather. |
| sun | 太阳 | In the sun. |
| sunny | 晴朗 | Sunny day. |
| rain | 雨 | Heavy rain. |
| rainy | 下雨 | Rainy season. |
| cloud | 云 | Cloudy sky. |
| snow | 雪 | Heavy snow. |
| hot | 热 | Too hot. |
| cold | 冷 | Catch a cold. |
| warm | 温暖 | Warm up. |
| cool | 凉爽 | Keep cool. |
| temperature | 温度 | Room temperature. |
| health | 健康 | In good health. |
| healthy | 健康的 | Stay healthy. |
| sick | 生病 | Feel sick. |
| doctor | 医生 | See a doctor. |
| hospital | 医院 | Go to the hospital. |
| medicine | 药 | Take medicine. |
| pain | 疼痛 | In pain. |
| rest | 休息 | Take a rest. |
| sleep | 睡觉 | Get some sleep. |
| exercise | 锻炼 | Do exercise. |
| gym | 健身房 | Hit the gym. |
人与场所¶
| 词 | 中文 | 搭配/例句 |
|---|---|---|
| family | 家庭 | My family. |
| parent | 父母 | My parents. |
| kid | 孩子 | The kids. |
| friend | 朋友 | Make friends. |
| neighbor | 邻居 | My neighbor. |
| people | 人们 | Many people. |
| home | 家 | Work from home. |
| house | 房子 | In-house. |
| room | 房间、空间 | Make room for it. |
| office | 办公室 | At the office. |
| phone | 电话 | Pick up the phone. |
| computer | 电脑 | On the computer. |
| screen | 屏幕 | Big screen. |
词根与词缀¶
掌握这些词根,能猜出 200+ 派生词的意思。看到生词先拆词根。
前缀¶
| 前缀 | 含义 | 例词 |
|---|---|---|
| re- | 再次、重新 | redo, recheck, rebuild, restart, rethink, retry, rewrite, reload, reconnect, reopen |
| un- | 不、相反 | undo, unclear, unhappy, unsure, unusual, unlike, unfair, unlock, unload, unfold |
| in-/im-/ir-/il- | 不、向内 | incorrect, impossible, irregular, illegal, invisible, incomplete, imbalance |
| dis- | 不、相反 | disagree, disconnect, disappear, dislike, disable, disorder, dishonest |
| mis- | 错误 | mistake, misunderstand, mislead, misconfigure, misplace, misread, misspell |
| over- | 过度、在上 | overthink, overwork, overengineer, overlook, overwhelm, overload, override |
| under- | 不足、在下 | underperform, underestimate, understand, underrate, underline, undergo |
| pre- | 之前 | preview, predict, prepare, prerequisite, previous, prepay, pretest |
| post- | 之后 | postpone, postmortem, postscript, post-test, postdate |
| fore- | 前、预先 | forecast, foresee, foremost, forewarn, foreground |
| co-/con-/com-/col- | 一起、共同 | cooperate, connect, combine, collaborate, communicate, compile, correlate |
| inter- | 之间、互相 | interact, interface, international, interrupt, interpret, interval, intercept |
| intra-/intro- | 内部 | intranet, introduce, introspect |
| trans- | 跨越、转变 | transfer, transform, translate, transaction, transmit, transport, transparent |
| sub- | 下、次 | subnet, subtitle, subcontract, subset, subdivide, submarine, subordinate |
| super- | 超 | superclass, superuser, supervise, supplement, superior |
| out- | 超过、向外 | outperform, output, outcome, outsource, outstanding, outlook, outline |
| ex- | 外、前任 | export, exit, expand, extend, external, exclude, ex-CEO |
| in- | 内、进入 | input, import, include, inside, invade, inspect, involve |
| up- | 向上 | upload, update, upgrade, uphill, upfront, uphold |
| down- | 向下 | download, downgrade, downside, downturn |
| semi- | 半 | semicolon, semifinal, semiconductor, semiautomatic |
| multi- | 多 | multitask, multimedia, multiple, multiplex, multipath |
| poly- | 多 | polymorphism, polygon, polyglot |
| mono- | 单 | monolith, monologue, monopoly, monotone |
| uni- | 单 | unified, unique, unit, universal, unilateral |
| bi- | 双 | binary, bilingual, biweekly, bilateral, biannual |
| tri- | 三 | triangle, triple, tripod, tricycle |
| auto- | 自动 | automatic, automate, autodeploy, autofocus, autonomous |
| bio- | 生物 | biology, biography, biodiversity, biometric |
| geo- | 地 | geography, geometry, geolocation, geospatial |
| tele- | 远 | telephone, television, telecommute, telescope, teleport |
| photo- | 光 | photograph, photocopy, photon, photosynthesis |
| micro- | 微 | microservice, microphone, microscope, microwave, microbe |
| macro- | 宏 | macro, macroeconomics, macrocosm |
| mini- | 小 | minimum, minimize, miniature, minivan |
| maxi- | 大 | maximum, maximize, maximal |
| cyber- | 网络 | cybersecurity, cyberspace, cybercrime, cyberattack |
| e- | 电子 | email, ecommerce, ebook, elasticsearch |
| anti- | 反 | antivirus, anti-pattern, anti-war, antibody, anticlockwise |
| pro- | 支持、向前 | pro-choice, proceed, promote, propose, protect, provide |
| non- | 非 | non-blocking, non-profit, nonsense, nonstop, nonessential |
| counter- | 反 | counter-argument, counterpart, counteract, countermeasure |
后缀¶
| 后缀 | 含义 | 例词 |
|---|---|---|
| -able/-ible | 可…的 | doable, fixable, readable, possible, flexible, compatible, scalable, reliable |
| -ful | 充满…的 | helpful, useful, careful, hopeful, meaningful, grateful, successful, powerful |
| -less | 没有…的 | useless, careless, hopeless, meaningless, endless, wireless, flawless |
| -ous | 富有…的 | dangerous, famous, serious, obvious, curious, nervous, enormous, various |
| -y | 有…特性的 | healthy, happy, easy, messy, noisy, sunny, salty, tasty |
| -ic/-ical | …的 | basic, logic, technical, critical, practical, typical, electric, historic |
| -al (形容词) | …的 | natural, national, normal, formal, general, personal, functional, optional |
| -ive | 有…倾向的 | active, effective, productive, creative, positive, negative, sensitive |
| -ent/-ant | …的 | different, independent, important, constant, urgent, efficient, persistent |
| -ed | 已…的 | closed, opened, finished, fixed, broken, completed, deployed, committed |
| -ing | 正在…的 | running, working, pending, loading, exciting, interesting, amazing, confusing |
| -ly | …地(副词) | quickly, slowly, carefully, honestly, basically, definitely, finally, easily |
| -ment | 名词后缀 | improvement, deployment, achievement, agreement, development, management, requirement |
| -tion/-sion | 名词后缀 | solution, decision, explanation, connection, discussion, version, exception |
| -ness | 名词后缀 | happiness, business, sickness, darkness, weakness, thickness, awareness |
| -ity | 名词后缀 | ability, quality, quantity, security, capacity, reality, popularity, complexity |
| -er/-or | 做…的人/物 | developer, reviewer, manager, connector, processor, server, actor, director |
| -ist | …主义者/专家 | artist, scientist, specialist, optimist, tourist, activist, programmer |
| -ism | …主义 | capitalism, optimism, realism, tourism, mechanism |
| -ian | …的人 | musician, historian, technician, librarian, physician |
| -ee | 被动者 | employee, trainee, attendee, payee, interviewee, referee |
| -ery | 场所、行为 | bakery, factory, machinery, discovery, bravery, scenery |
| -ship | 关系、状态 | friendship, relationship, leadership, ownership, membership, partnership |
| -hood | 时期、状态 | childhood, adulthood, neighborhood, brotherhood, livelihood |
| -dom | 状态、领域 | freedom, kingdom, wisdom, boredom, stardom |
| -age | 行为、状态 | storage, package, message, damage, passage, coverage, advantage |
| -al (名词) | 行为 | refusal, removal, proposal, arrival, approval, survival |
| -ure | 行为、结果 | failure, pressure, measure, procedure, capture, exposure |
| -ance/-ence | 行为、状态 | performance, importance, existence, difference, dependence, attendance |
| -ancy/-ency | 状态 | efficiency, frequency, urgency, consistency, dependency, tendency |
| -graphy | 记录 | photography, biography, geography, typography |
| -logy | 学科 | biology, technology, psychology, methodology, ideology |
| -metry | 测量 | geometry, symmetry, telemetry, optometry |
| -scope | 观察 | microscope, telescope, horoscope, stethoscope |
| -phone | 声音 | telephone, microphone, symphony, headphone |
| -gram | 记录、图 | program, diagram, telegram, kilogram, histogram |
| -meter | 测量 | thermometer, parameter, diameter, perimeter, barometer |
常见词根¶
| 词根 | 含义 | 例词 |
|---|---|---|
| act/ag | 做、行动 | action, active, agent, agency, react, interact, transaction |
| aud | 听 | audio, audience, audible, auditorium, audit |
| bio | 生命 | biology, biography, biodiversity |
| cap/capt/cept | 拿、抓 | capture, accept, concept, except, receive, capable, capacity |
| chron | 时间 | chronic, chronology, synchronize, chronicle |
| dict | 说 | dictate, dictionary, predict, contradict, edict |
| doc | 教 | doctor, document, doctrine, docile |
| duct/duce | 引导 | conduct, produce, reduce, introduce, deduce, educate |
| fact/fect | 做 | factory, effect, affect, perfect, factor, manufacture |
| flu | 流 | fluid, fluent, influence, influx, confluence |
| form | 形状 | form, format, transform, reform, inform, conform |
| ject | 抛 | inject, reject, project, subject, object, eject |
| log/logy | 语言、学科 | logic, dialog, catalog, apology, technology, biology |
| miss/mit | 送 | submit, emit, transmit, commit, permit, dismiss, mission |
| mov/mob/mot | 动 | move, mobile, motion, motivate, emotion, promote, remote |
| port | 搬运 | import, export, transport, report, support, portable, port |
| scrib/script | 写 | describe, prescribe, subscribe, script, manuscript, inscribe |
| spect | 看 | inspect, expect, respect, suspect, aspect, perspective, spectacle |
| struct | 建造 | structure, construct, destruct, instruct, obstruct |
| tract | 拉、拖 | attract, distract, extract, contract, subtract, tractor |
| vid/vis | 看 | video, visible, visit, vision, revise, provide, evidence, visual |
| voc/vok | 声音、叫 | voice, vocal, invoke, revoke, provoke, advocate, vocabulary |
| graph | 写 | graphic, paragraph, photograph, autograph, telegraph, biography |
| meter/metri | 测量 | meter, metric, diameter, perimeter, symmetry, geometry |
| path | 感受、病 | empathy, sympathy, pathetic, pathology, apathetic |
| phon | 声音 | phone, symphony, phonics, microphone, gramophone |
| photo | 光 | photo, photograph, photon, photosynthesis, photocopy |
| scope | 看 | telescope, microscope, horoscope, kaleidoscope |
| tele | 远 | telephone, television, telescope, teleport, telecommute |
| therm | 热 | thermal, thermometer, thermostat, thermos |
| vac | 空 | vacant, vacuum, vacate, evacuate |
| ven/vent | 来 | convene, intervene, prevent, invent, event, venture, convention |
| vert/vers | 转 | convert, divert, invert, reverse, versatile, vertical, advertise |
常见追问¶
这份表和市面上的四六级/考研词表有什么区别?¶
筛选标准不同。 通用词表按语料库词频排序,所以 government / president / mother 排得很靠前——它们在新闻和文学语料里确实高频,但在你的工作日常里几乎为零。这份表按「后端工程师上班会不会用到」筛过一遍,砍掉了食物、家居、动植物等整块内容,只在「日常生活」章留了寒暄和请假这类真会遇到的最小集。
每个词只出现一次,会不会漏掉一词多义?¶
会,这是刻意的取舍。 像 work(工作/运转)、open(打开/开放)这类词,旧版把它们同时收进动词章和形容词章,结果全表 33% 是重复条目,越背越乱。现在的做法是:一个词归到它最常用的那个词性,其余义项写进例句。比如 work 归动词章,例句 Great work on the migration! 顺带覆盖名词用法。
词根词缀要背吗?¶
不用刻意背,但遇到生词时拆一下能猜意思。 比如看到 misconfigure,mis- = 错误,configure = 配置,猜出"配置错误"。掌握 40 个常见前后缀 + 30 个词根,能猜出 500+ 派生词。
和 技术英语词汇 怎么配合?¶
这份是骨架,那份是专业内容。 先把这里的动词和描述词用熟(能组句子),再背技术词汇里你每天用的领域。没有骨架,术语连不成句子——知道 sharding 怎么说,却说不出"我们打算下个季度做分片",等于没学会。